Direct And Indirect

DIRECT AND INDIRECT

Direct speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh sipembaca dan ditandai dengan  tanda kutip (“ ”) pada isi percakapan.

Indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung) adalah kalimat ucapan seseorang tanpa mengubah maksud atau isi perkataan si pembaca. Indirect speech bias juga disebut Reported speech (kalimat yang dilontarkan).

 

Direct	Indirect
Simple Present Tense	Simple Past Tense
Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Simple Past Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Simple Future Tense	Past Future Tense
Future Continuous Tense	Past Future Continuous Tense
Conditional	Conditional

 

Perubahaan keterangan waktu yang perlu diperhatikan:

Direct	Indirect
A Year Ago	A Year Before / The Previous Year
Here	There
Last Night	The Night Before
Last Week / Year	The Previous Week / Year
Next Week / Year	The Following week / Year
Now	Then
On Sunday	On Sunday
Over There	Over There
The Day Before Yesterday	Two Days Before
There	Those
This	That
This Week	That Week
Three Years Ago	Three Years Before
Today	That Day
Tomorrow	The Next Day
Tonight	That Night
Yesterday	The Day Before

 

Perubahan – perubahan kata bantu yang perlu diperhatikan :

Direct	Indirect
Can	Could
May	Might
Might	Might
Must	Would Have To ( Kegiatan yang akan datang) / Had To ( Keharusan yang biasa )

  

Direct dan Indirect speech ada 3 macam :

1.      Statement ( pernyataan yang menggunakan “That” )

Ex :

Ali said to Me, “You will  buy a book to me”

Ali said to Me that I would buy a book to him.

2.      Question (Pertanyaan yang jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether)

Ex :

Lia asked to Roy, “Do you love me?”

Lia asked to Roy if he loved her

3.      Command / Request (Perintah yang menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negative)

Ex :

( - ) Merry told to John, “Don’t touch me!”

       Merry told to John not to touch her

( + ) Father told to Me, “Please tell me!”

        Father told to Me to tell him

Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh kalimat direct dan Indirect :

ü  Mother asked to Me, “Are you watching TV?”

Mother asked to Me if  I was watching TV

ü  Andi told to She, “I have finished my homework”

Andi told to She that he had finished his homework

ü  Bob said to Jim, “I goes to Sumatra now”

Bob said to Jim that he went to Sumatra then

ü  Gina said to Me, “I will cook meatball to you”

Gina said to Me that she would cook meatball to me

ü  April told to Me, “I arrived in Jakarta yesterday”

April told to Me that she had arrived in Jakarta the day before

ü  Dian : What are you doing?

Seli : “I’m reading a book”

Rya : Seli said to Dian that she was reading a book

ü  Roy : Would you merry me?

Gina : “Yes, i will”

Riki : Gina said to Roy that she  to would married him

ü  Seli : Can you buy this watch for me?

Rian : “Sorry, i can't”

Sanny : Rian said to Seli that Rian couldn't bought that watch for Seli

ü  Anna: Do you wanna build a snowman?

Elsa: “Go away Anna”

Olaf: Anna asked Elsa that if she wanna built a snowman?

ü  Jack: I want to go to beach, do wanna join with me?

Mia: “I think no problem, i want to join”

Jim : Jack said to Mia that he want to went to beach, and she want to join